Jason, with a bit of cutting and pasting of the code, I was able to solve the issue with the 'duplicate e-mail'. However, it has now presented another issue. If the staff members enters in an e-mail that is not in the database, I can redirect them to a success page. However, if the email already exists, it just re-presents the insert page and it's not clear that the email exists in the database. How do I redirect the user to a page/message where I can let them know that a duplicate exists and the database has not been updated?