On the page you have applied the Digital File Pro Upload server behavior, go to the bindings panel. This should have a section for the WA Upload Files for the file field that you uploaded with. To get the value to display on the page, drag and drop the binding to somewhere on your page. This will add some code that looks similar to this:
<?php echo $WA_DFP_UploadStatus["WA_UploadResult1"]["WA_UploadResult1_1"]["serverFileName"]; ?>
Remove the php tags and the echo and you have the variable that you can insert into the database:
$WA_DFP_UploadStatus["WA_UploadResult1"]["WA_UploadResult1_1"]["serverFileName"];