You have deleted all of the class="" references from your cart display. The AJAX code uses those to find the necessary areas to read and update values. The remove link is an AJAX component and that is why it stopped working. I've updated your javascript so that it works now but it does a page refresh, which it wouldn't need to if you hadn't updated the cart html and removed the class references.
In the future you can remove the .css referencing a class, but don't remove class="" definitions from the cart because they are necessary for the mobile friendly AJAX code to work properly.